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ASOPAZCO (Asociación por la Paz Continental)

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ASOPAZCO (Asociación por la Paz Continental) is a non-governmental human rights organization founded in 1988 by Mari Paz Martínez Nieto. Focusing on human rights abuses in Cuba, the organization has been working within the United Nation's Human Rights Commission in Geneva, Switzerland, since 1993.

The nonprofit supports peaceful activist groups in Cuba who  protest the treatment of the the Damas de Blanco by the Castro regime; exchanges information with groups in the interior of the island who denounce violations of human rights and fundamental liberties; and condemns the situation of political prisoners on the island today.

Grupo Cubano de Investigaciones Económicas

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The Grupo Cubano de Investigaciones Económicas, or Cuban Economic Research Project, was a project undertaken by scholars and Cuba experts at the University of Miami. The study looked at the economic history and development of Cuba, from the colonial, republican, and socialist periods. It was chaired by Jose R. Alvarez Diaz.

United States. Cuban Refugee Program.

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The Cuban Refugee Program was authorized by the President of the United States in February 1961. Federal assistance for Cuban refugees had begun in 1960 under President Eisenhower in response to the growing number of Cubans fleeing the Castro regime. President John F. Kennedy, recognizing that the situation was beyond the scope of individual states and volunteer agencies, assigned responsibility to the Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare (HEW), at the time Abraham Ribicoff, who delegated implementation and administration to William L. Mitchell, Commissioner of Social Security. The “Migration and Refugee Assistance Act,” enacted in 1962, provided the legislative basis for the program and authorized appropriations. The Florida State Department of Public Welfare, representing the federal government, set up an office in Miami for the assistance, child welfare services and medical care of Cuban refugees.

The Miami Cuban Refugee Emergency Center, located at the Freedom Tower, 600 Biscayne Boulevard, became the focal point of refugee registration, assistance, relief and resettlement, as well as coordination of government and independent agencies’ programs. Federal funding provided for the center’s operations, record keeping, publications, coordination of agencies and research on different aspects of the refugee situation, as well as for programs. The latter included financial assistance, educational loans, health care, adult education and re-training, resettlement and care of unaccompanied children. By 1962 between 1500 and 2000 Cubans were arriving weekly.

In 1963 the newly formed Welfare Administration succeeded Social Security in overseeing the Cuban Refugee Program. The decrease in influx of refugees following the cessation of regular flights and the implementation of programs such as home visits facilitated the transition from crisis response to a more efficient, better organized program.

In the years to come, however, the program would have to adapt to new emergency situations such as the arrival of Bay of Pigs Brigade 2506 prisoners in 1963 and the Camarioca boatlift of 1965. Perhaps the most taxing year was 1980 when the Mariel boatlift brought more than 125,000 Cubans to the United States. Simultaneously, Haitian refugees had started to arrive in growing numbers. The federal government declared a state of emergency and charged the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) with processing and assisting the entrants. On July of the same year the Cuban-Haitian Task Force (CHTF) was created to coordinate federal resources in support of county and state efforts, and to address community problems related to the influx of refugees into the Miami area, replacing FEMA in this capacity.

The Center closed its last location on Ponce de Leon Boulevard and 8th Street on July 1994, after more than three decades of providing assistance to thousands of refugees. Its archives were donated to Professor Juan Clark of Miami-Dade College who in turn donated them to the Cuban Heritage Collection.

Guantánamo Sugar Company

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The Guantánamo Sugar Company offices were located at 120 Wall Street, New York from 1915 through 1959. This company was the owner of the Soledad Sugar Mill, Los Caños Sugar Mill, the Isabel B. Sugar Mill and the Guantánamo Railroad Co. all located around the Guantánamo Bay. The Soledad Sugar Mill was founded before 1860 and his owner was Gregorio Malleta. In 1878, it became property of the Brooks Family. Los Caños Sugar Mill was founded in 1861 by Carlos Rancole, and in 1883 became property of the Brooks Family. The date of the foundation of the Isabel Sugar Mill is unknown, but in 1860 the owner was the widow of the French Couroneaux, and in 1898 the Mill became the property of the Brooks Family.

Later these three sugar mills were the property of Arturo Pita who was the president of the Guantánamo Sugar Company and the Guantánamo Railroad Co. when Pita died, the inheritors of these companies were his daughters, Zoila Margarita Pita García-Chacón and Marta Isabel Pita Ariosa.

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